Polymer morphology : principles, characterization, and processing /: principles, characterization, and processing. (2016)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by Qipeng Guo.
• Editors: Guo, Qipeng
• Contents: Preface Part 1: Principles and Methods of Characterization 1. Overview and Prospects of Polymer Morphology; Jerold M. Schultz 1.1 Introductory Remarks 1.2 Experimental Avenues of Morphological Research 1.2.1 Morphological characterization: the enabling of in situ measurements 1.2.2 Morphology-property investigation 1.2.3 Morphology development 1.3 Modeling and Simulation 1.3.1 Self-generated fields 1.4 Wishful Thinking 1.5 Summary References 2. X-ray Diffraction from Polymers; N. Sanjeeva Murthy 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic principles 2.3 Instrumentation 2.4 Structure determination 2.4.1 Lattice dimensions 2.4.2 Molecular modeling 2.4.3 Rietveld method 2.4.4 Pair distribution functions 2.5 Phase analysis 2.5.1 Crystallinity determination 2.5.2 Composition analysis 2.6 Crystallite size and disorder 2.7 Orientation analysis 2.7.1 Crystalline orientation 2.7.2 Uniaxial orientation 2.7.3 Biaxial orientation 2.7.4 Amorphous orientation 2.8 Small-angle scattering 2.8.1 Central diffuse scattering 2.8.2 Discrete reflections from lamellar structures 2.8.3 Small-angle neutron scattering and solvent diffusion 2.9 Specialized measurements 2.9.1 In situ experiments 2.9.2 Microbeam diffraction 2.9.3 Grazing incidence diffraction 2.10 Summary References 3. Electron Microscopy of Polymers; Goerg H. Michler and Werner Lebek 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Microscopic techniques 3.2.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 3.2.2 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 3.2.3 Comparison of different microscopic techniques 3.2.4 Image processing and image analysis 3.3 Sample Preparation 3.4 In situ Microscopy References 4. Characterization of Polymer Morphology by Scattering Techniques; Jean-Michel Guenet 4.1 Introduction 4.2 A short theoretical presentation 4.2.1 General expressions 4.2.2 The form factor 4.3 Experimental aspects 4.3.1 The contrast factor 4.3.2 Experimental set-up 4.4 Typical results 4.4.1 Neutrons experiments: a contrast variation story 4.4.2 X-ray experiments: a time-resolved story 4.5 Concluding remarks References 5. Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Polymers; Alejandro J. Müller and Rose Mary Michell 5.1 Introduction to Differential Scanning Calorimetry. 5.2 Detection of first order and second order transitions by DSC. 5.3 Self-nucleation 5.3.1 Quantification of the nucleation efficiency 5.4 Thermal fractionation 5.5 Multiphasic materials: polymer blends and block copolymers. Fractionated crystallization and confinement effects 5.5.1 Blends and fractionated crystallization 5.5.2 Copolymers 5.5.3 Copolymers versus blends 5.5.4 The crystallization of polymers and copolymers within nanoporous templates 5.6 Self-nucleation and the efficiency scale to evaluate nucleation power 5.6.1 Supernucleation 5.7 Determination of overall isothermal crystallization by DSC 5.8 Conclusions 5.9 Acknowledgment References 6. Imaging Polymer Morphology Using Atomic Force Microscopy; Holger Schönherr 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Fundamental AFM techniques 6.2.1 Contact mode AFM 6.2.2 Intermittent contact (tapping) mode AFM 6.2.3 Further dynamic AFM modes 6.3 Imaging of polymer morphology 6.3.1 Single polymer chains 6.3.2 Crystal structures 6.3.3 Lamellar crystals 6.3.4 Spherulites 6.3.5 Multiphase systems 6.3.6 Polymeric nanostructures 6.4 Property mapping References 7. FTIR Imaging of Polymeric Materials; S. G. Kazarian and K. L. A. Chan 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Principles of FTIR imaging 7.3 Sampling methods 7.3.1 Transmission Mode 7.3.2 Attenuated total reflection (ATR) Mode 7.4 Spatial resolution 7.4.1 Transmission FTIR imaging 7.4.2 ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging 7.5 Recent applications 7.5.1 Polymer blends 7.5.2 Polymer processes 7.6 Conclusions References 8. NMR Analysis of Morphology and Structure of Polymers; Takeshi Yamanobe and Hiroki Uehara 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Basic concepts in NMR 8.2.1 Principles of NNR 8.2.2 Analysis of FID 8.3 Morphology and relaxation behavior of polyethylene 8.3.1 Morphology and molecular mobility 8.3.2 Lamellar thickening by annealing 8.3.3 Entanglement in the amorphous phase 8.4 Morphology and structure of the nascent powders 8.4.1 Etching by the fuming nitric acid 8.4.2 Structural change by annealing 8.4.3 Nascent isotactic polypropylene powder 8.5 Kinetics of dynamic process of polymers 8.5.1 Melt drawing of polyethylene 8.5.2 Crystallization mechanism of Nylon 46 8.5.3 Degree of curing of novolac resins 8.6 Conclusion References Part 2: Morphology, Properties and Processing 9. Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Morphological Analysis of Semicrystalline Polymers; Anne Seidlitz and Thomas Thurn-Albrecht 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Small Angle X-ray Scattering 9.2.1 Typical Experimental Setup 9.2.2 Basic Formalism Describing the Relation between Real Space Structure and Scattering Intensity in a SAXS Experiment 9.2.3 Methods of Analysis Used for SAXS on Semicrystalline Polymers 9.3 Concluding Remarks References Appendix: Calculation the model function KSim''s 10. Crystalline Morphology of Homopolymers and Block Copolymers; Shuichi Nojima and Hironori Marubayashi 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Crystalline Morphology of Homopolymers 10.2.1 Crystal Structure 10.2.2 Lamellar Morphology 10.2.3 Spherulite Structure 10.2.4 Crystalline Morphology of Homopolymers Confined in Isolated Nanodomains 10.2.5 Crystalline Morphology of Polymer Blends 10.3 Crystalline Morphology of Block Copolymers 10.3.1 Crystalline Morphology of Weakly Segregated Block Copolymers 10.3.2 Crystalline Morphology of Block Copolymers with Glassy Amorphous Blocks 10.3.3 Crystalline Morphology of Strongly Segregated Block Copolymers 10.3.4 Crystalline Morphology of Double Crystalline Block Copolymers 10.4 Concluding Remarks References 11. Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polymers; Alejandro J. Müller, Rose Mary Michell, and Arnaldo T. Lorenzo 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Crystallization Process 11.3 Crystallization Kinetics 11.3.1 The Avrami equation 11.3.2 Nucleation and crystal growth: Lauritzen-Hofmann theory 11.4 Isothermal crystallization Kinetics – Morphology relationship, some examples 11.4.1 Linear PS-b-PCL versus Miktoarm (PS2)-b-(PCL2) block copolymers 11.4.2 Crystallization kinetics and morphology of PLLA-b-PCL diblock copolymers 11.4.3 Nucleation and crystallization kinetics of double crystalline polyethylene/polyamide (PE/PA) blends</p&gt
• Publisher Details: Place of publication not identified : Wiley
• Publication Date: 2016
• Extent: 1 online resource (464 pages)
• Subjects: 547/.7; Polymers; Polymerization; Crystalline polymers; Surface chemistry
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118892763
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.