Introductory biostatistics. (2016)

• Record Type: Book
• Authors: Le, Chap T, 1948-; Eberly, Lynn E
• Contents: Preface to the First Edition xiii; Preface to the Second Edition xvii; About the Companion Website xix; ; 1 Descriptive Methods for Categorical Data 1; 1.1 Proportions 1; 1.1.1 Comparative Studies 2; 1.1.2 Screening Tests 5; 1.1.3 Displaying Proportions 7; 1.2 Rates 10; 1.2.1 Changes 11; 1.2.2 Measures of Morbidity and Mortality 13; 1.2.3 Standardization of Rates 15; 1.3 Ratios 18; 1.3.1 Relative Risk 18; 1.3.2 Odds and Odds Ratio 18; 1.3.3 Generalized Odds for Ordered 2 × k Tables 21; 1.3.4 Mantel–Haenszel Method 25; 1.3.5 Standardized Mortality Ratio 28; 1.4 Notes on Computations 30; Exercises 32; ; 2 Descriptive Methods for Continuous Data 55; 2.1 Tabular and Graphical Methods 55; 2.1.1 One?]way Scatter Plots 55; 2.1.2 Frequency Distribution 56; 2.1.3 Histogram and Frequency Polygon 60; 2.1.4 Cumulative Frequency Graph and Percentiles 64; 2.1.5 Stem and Leaf Diagrams 68; 2.2 Numerical Methods 69; 2.2.1 Mean 69; 2.2.2 Other Measures of Location 72; 2.2.3 Measures of Dispersion 73; 2.2.4 Box Plots 76; 2.3 Special Case of Binary Data 77; 2.4 Coefficients of Correlation 78; 2.4.1 Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient 80; 2.4.2 Nonparametric Correlation Coefficients 83; 2.5 Notes on Computations 85; Exercises 87; ; 3 Probability and Probability Models 103; 3.1 Probability 103; 3.1.1 Certainty of Uncertainty 104; 3.1.2 Probability 104; 3.1.3 Statistical Relationship 106; 3.1.4 Using Screening Tests 109; 3.1.5 Measuring Agreement 112; 3.2 Normal Distribution 114; 3.2.1 Shape of the Normal Curve 114; 3.2.2 Areas Under the Standard Normal Curve 116; 3.2.3 Normal Distribution as a Probability Model 122; 3.3 Probability Models for Continuous Data 124; 3.4 Probability Models for Discrete Data 125; 3.4.1 Binomial Distribution 126; 3.4.2 Poisson Distribution 128; 3.5 Brief Notes on the Fundamentals 130; 3.5.1 Mean and Variance 130; 3.5.2 Pair?]Matched Case–Control Study 130; 3.6 Notes on Computations 132; Exercises 134; ; 4 Estimation of Parameters 141; 4.1 Basic Concepts 142; 4.1.1 Statistics as Variables 143; 4.1.2 Sampling Distributions 143; 4.1.3 Introduction to Confidence Estimation 145; 4.2 Estimation of Means 146; 4.2.1 Confidence Intervals for a Mean 147; 4.2.2 Uses of Small Samples 149; 4.2.3 Evaluation of Interventions 151; 4.3 Estimation of Proportions 153; 4.4 Estimation of Odds Ratios 157; 4.5 Estimation of Correlation Coefficients 160; 4.6 Brief Notes on the Fundamentals 163; 4.7 Notes on Computations 165; Exercises 166; ; 5 Introduction to Statistical tests of Significance 179; 5.1 Basic Concepts 180; 5.1.1 Hypothesis Tests 181; 5.1.2 Statistical Evidence 182; 5.1.3 Errors 182; 5.2 Analogies 185<br />5.2.1 Trials by Jury 185; 5.2.2 Medical Screening Tests 186; 5.2.3 Common Expectations 186; 5.3 Summaries and Conclusions 187; 5.3.1 Rejection Region 187; 5.3.2 p Values 189; 5.3.3 Relationship to Confidence Intervals 191; 5.4 Brief Notes on the Fundamentals 193; 5.4.1 Type I and Type II Errors 193; 5.4.2 More about Errors and p Values 194; Exercises 194; ; 6 Comparison of Population Proportions 197; 6.1 One?]Sample Problem with Binary Data 197; 6.2 Analysis of Pair?]Matched Data 199; 6.3 Comparison of Two Proportions 202; 6.4 Mantel–Haenszel Method 206; 6.5 Inferences for General Two?]Way Tables 211; 6.6 Fisher’s Exact Test 217; 6.7 Ordered 2 × K Contingency Tables 219; 6.8 Notes on Computations 222; Exercises 222; ; 7 Comparison of Population Means 235; 7.1 One?]Sample Problem with Continuous Data 235; 7.2 Analysis of Pair?]Matched Data 237; 7.3 Comparison of Two Means 242; 7.4 Nonparametric Methods 246; 7.4.1 Wilcoxon Rank?]Sum Test 246; 7.4.2 Wilcoxon Signed?]Rank Test 250; 7.5 One?]Way Analysis of Variance 252; 7.5.1 One?]way Analysis of Variance Model 253; 7.5.2 Group Comparisons 258; 7.6 Brief Notes on the Fundamentals 259; 7.7 Notes on Computations 260; Exercises 260; ; 8 Analysis of Variance 273; 8.1 Factorial Studies 273; 8.1.1 Two Crossed Factors 273; 8.1.2 Extensions to More Than Two Factors 278; 8.2 Block Designs 280; 8.2.1 Purpose 280; 8.2.2 Fixed Block Designs 281; 8.2.3 Random Block Designs 284; 8.3 Diagnostics 287; Exercises 291; ; 9 Regression Analysis 297; 9.1 Simple Regression Analysis 298; 9.1.1 Correlation and Regression 298; 9.1.2 Simple Linear Regression Model 301; 9.1.3 Scatter Diagram 302; 9.1.4 Meaning of Regression Parameters 302; 9.1.5 Estimation of Parameters and Prediction 303; 9.1.6 Testing for Independence 307; 9.1.7 Analysis of Variance Approach 309; 9.1.8 Some Biomedical Applications 311; 9.2 Multiple Regression Analysis 317; 9.2.1 Regression Model with Several Independent Variables 318; 9.2.2 Meaning of Regression Parameters 318; 9.2.3 Effect Modifications 319; 9.2.4 Polynomial Regression 319; 9.2.5 Estimation of Parameters and Prediction 320; 9.2.6 Analysis of Variance Approach 321; 9.2.7 Testing Hypotheses in Multiple Linear Regression 322; 9.2.8 Some Biomedical Applications 330; 9.3 Graphical and Computational Aids 334; Exercises 336; ; 10 Logistic Regression 351; 10.1 Simple Regression Analysis 353; 10.1.1 Simple Logistic Regression Model 353; 10.1.2 Measure of Association 355; 10.1.3 Effect of Measurement Scale 356; 10.1.4 Tests of Association 358; 10.1.5 Use of the Logistic Model for Different Designs 358; 10.1.6 Overdispersion 359; 10.2 Multiple Regression Analysis 362<br />10.2.1 Logistic Regression Model with Several Covariates 363; 10.2.2 Effect Modifications 364; 10.2.3 Polynomial Regression 365; 10.2.4 Testing Hypotheses in Multiple Logistic Regression 365; 10.2.5 Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve 372; 10.2.6 ROC Curve and Logistic Regression 374; 10.3 Brief Notes on the Fundamentals 375; 10.4 Notes on Computing 377; Exercises 377; ; 11 Methods for Count Data 383; 11.1 Poisson Distribution 383; 11.2 Testing Goodness of Fit 387; 11.3 Poisson Regression Model 389; 11.3.1 Simple Regression Analysis 389; 11.3.2 Multiple Regression Analysis 393; 11.3.3 Overdispersion 402; 11.3.4 Stepwise Regression 404; Exercises 406; ; 12 Methods for Repeatedly Measured Responses 409; 12.1 Extending Regression Methods Beyond Independent Data 409; 12.2 Continuous Responses 410; 12.2.1 Extending Regression using the Linear Mixed Model 410; 12.2.2 Testing and Inference 414; 12.2.3 Comparing Models 417; 12.2.4 Special Cases: Random Block Designs and Multi?]level Sampling 418; 12.3 Binary Responses 423; 12.3.1 Extending Logistic Regression using Generalized Estimating Equations 423; 12.3.2 Testing and Inference 425; 12.4 Count Responses 427; 12.4.1 Extending Poisson Regression using Generalized Estimating Equations 427; 12.4.2 Testing and Inference 428; 12.5 Computational Notes 431; Exercises 432; ; 13 Analysis of Survival Data and Data from Matched Studies 439; 13.1 Survival Data 440; 13.2 Introductory Survival Analyses 443; 13.2.1 Kaplan–Meier Curve 444; 13.2.2 Comparison of Survival Distributions 446; 13.3 Simple Regression and Correlation 450; 13.3.1 Model and Approach 451; 13.3.2 Measures of Association 452; 13.3.3 Tests of Association 455; 13.4 Multiple Regression and Correlation 456; 13.4.1 Proportional Hazards Model with Several Covariates 456; 13.4.2 Testing Hypotheses in Multiple Regression 457; 13.4.3 Time?]Dependent Covariates and Applications 461; 13.5 Pair?]Matched Case–Control Studies 464; 13.5.1 Model 465; 13.5.2 Analysis 466; 13.6 Multiple Matching 468; 13.6.1 Conditional Approach 469; 13.6.2 Estimation of the Odds Ratio 469; 13.6.3 Testing for Exposure Effect 470; 13.7 Conditional Logistic Regression 472; 13.7.1 Simple Regression Analysis 473; 13.7.2 Multiple Regression Analysis 478; Exercises 484; ; 14 Study Designs 493; 14.1 Types of Study Designs 494; 14.2 Classification of Clinical Trials 495; 14.3 Designing Phase I Canc
• Edition: Second edition
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2016
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 610.15195; Biometry; Medical sciences -- Statistical methods
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118596074; 9781118595985
• Related ISBNs: 9780470905401
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; item not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.