Sulfur Dioxide : Applications in Foods, Beverages, and Pharmaceuticals /: Applications in Foods, Beverages, and Pharmaceuticals. (2015)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Louis C. Schroeter.
• Authors: Schroeter, Louis C
• Contents: Contents; ; Foreword; ; Preface; ; Chapter 1-Preparation and Properties; ; I. Preparation; ; A. Laboratory Preparation; ; B. Sulfur Burning; ; C. Pyrite Roasting; ; D. Gypsum Reduction; ; E. Reduction of Sulfuric Acid; ; F. Preparation of Sulfurous Acid Salts; ; G. Thermal Decomposition of Sulfites and Pyrosulfites; ; II. Properties; ; A. Gaseous Sulfur Dioxide; ; B. Liquid Sulfur Dioxide; ; C. Solubility of Sulfur Dioxide in Nonaqueous Systems; ; D. Partition of Sulfur Dioxide between Water and ImmiscibleSolvents; ; E. Aqueous Sulfur Dioxide; ; F. Solution of Sulfurous Acid Salts; ; G. Ionization Constants; ; H. Ultraviolet Spectra; ; I. Fluorescence Spectra; ; J. Infrared Spectra and Molecular Constants; ; K. Raman Spectra; ; L. Rotational and Microwave Spectra; ; M. Mass Spectra and Shock Tube Studies; ; N. Electron Spin Resonance Data; ; O. Structure of Sulfite and Pyrosulfite Ions; ; P. Thermodynamic Properties and Solubilities of Sulfites; ; Q. Radioactive and O18 Labeled Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfites; ; References; ; Chapter 2-Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide; ; I. Chamber Process for Sulfuric Acid Manufacture; ; II. Contact Process for Sulfuric Acid Manufacture; ; III. Atmospheric Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide; ; IV. Sulfite Oxidation in Aqueous Systems; ; A. Theoretical Aspects; ; B. Metal Ion Catalysis; ; C. Oxygen Absorption Rates in Catalyzed Sulfite Systems; ; D. Thiosulfate Catalysis of Sulfite Oxidation; ; E. Inhibition of Aqueous Sulfite Oxidation; ; V. Potentiometric Determination of Sulfite Oxidation Rates; ; VI. Fermentor Evaluation by Oxygen Absorption Rates; ; VII. Miscellaneous Applications of Aqueous Sulfite Systems; ; References; ; Chapter 3-Inorganic Reactions, Complexes and Clathrates; ; I. Inorganic Reactions; ; A. Hydrogen Peroxide; ; B. Anodic Oxidation of Sulfurous Acid; ; C. Iodine; ; D. Chlorine; ; E. Iodate; ; F. Landolt Clock Reaction; ; G. Bromate; ; H. Chlorate; ; I. Permanganate, Chromate and Arsenate; ; J. Nitrites and Nitrogen Oxides; ; K. Nitroprussides and Cyanides; ; L. Ferric Ion; ; M. Selenious and Tellurous Acid; ; N. Manganese Oxides; ; O. Sodium; ; P. Zinc; ; Q. Sulfur; ; R. Sulfur Halides; ; S. Sulfides and the Wackenroder Reaction; ; T. Polythionates; ; II. Complexes and Clathrates; ; A. Inorganic Complexes; ; B. Organic Complexes; ; C. Gas Hydrates; ; D. Hydroquinone Clathrates; ; E. Phenol Clathrates; ; References; ; Chapter 4-Organic Reactions; ; I. Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds; ; A. Aliphatic and Alicyclic Carbonyl Compounds; ; B. Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds; ; C. Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds; ; D. Sugars; ; E. Applications of the Bisulfite-Carbonyl Reaction; ; II. Reactions with Alkenes and Alkynes; ; III. Reaction with Aromatic Nitro Compounds-ThePiria Reaction; ; IV. Reaction with Benzyl Alcohols; ; V. The Bucherer Reaction; ; VI. Reaction with Disulfides; ; VII. The Strecker Reaction; ; A. Reaction with Halocarboxylic Acids and Esters; ; B. Bisulfite Reaction with Di- and Tri-halomethanes; ; C. Reaction with Trichloromethyl Sulfur Chloride; ; D. Reaction with Chloral Hydrate; ; E. Reaction with Alkylene Halides; ; F. Reaction with Aryl-substituted Alkyl Halides; ; VIII. Reaction with Aryl Halides; ; IX. Thiamine Reaction with Bisulfite; ; X. Oxidative Sulfonation of Phenols and Aniline; ; XI. Sulfomethylation; ; XII. Reaction of Sulfate Esters with Sulfite; ; XIII. Reactions with Diazo Compounds; ; XIV. Reactions of Sulfoxides and Sulfonyl Halides; ; XV. Sulfur Dioxide Reaction with Hydroxylamines and Grignard Reagents; ; XVI. Synthesis of á-Amino Sulfonic Acids; ; XVII. Miscellaneous "Name" Reactions; ; References; ; Chapter 5-Analytical; ; I. Atmospheric Monitoring; ; II. Iodometric Methods; ; III. Non-iodometric Oxidations; ; IV. Polarographic Methods; ; V. Colorimetry; ; VI. X-Ray and Optical Crystallography; ; VII. Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry; ; VIII. Infrared and Raman Spectrophotometry; ; IX. Chromatography; ; X. Qualitative Methods; ; XI. Special Methods for Foods; ; XII. Special Methods for Beverages; ; References; ; Chapter 6-Food and Beverage Applications; ; I. General Considerations; ; A. Introduction; ; B. Combinations of Sulfur Dioxide with other Antioxidants; ; C. Sulfite Distribution in Foods; ; D. Desulfitization; ; E. S02 Effect on Proteins; ; F. S02 Effect on Thiamine; ; G. S02 Effect on Sugars and other Carbonyl Constituents; ; H. S02 Effect on Enzymatic Browning; ; I. S02 Effect on Non-enzymatic Browning; ; II. Specific Applications; ; A. Meat, Fish and Milk; ; B. Fruits; ; C. Coconut; ; D. Sugared Fruits and Preserves; ; E. Cherries, Berries and Grapes; ; F. Sugars; ; G. Peppers and Tomatoes; ; H. Cabbage; ; I. Pumpkins and Squash; ; J. Beans and Peas; ; K. Root Vegetables; ; L. Flour and Starch; ; M. Corn and Ensilage; ; N. Citrus Juices; ; O. Cider; ; P. Grape Juice; ; Q. Wine; ; R. Beer; ; References; ; Chapter 7-Pharmaceutical Applications; ; I. General Considerations; ; II. Antioxidant Requirements in Solution Formulations; ; III. Air and Oxygen Solubility in Aqueous Systems; ; IV. Oxygen Adsorption by Solid Drugs; ; V. Antioxidant Requirements in Pharmaceutical Suspensions; ; VI. Special Problems with Plastic Containers and Rubber Closures; ; VII. Formulation pH and Buffer Capacity; ; VIII. Solubility of Sulfur Dioxide and Its Salts in Aqueous Systems; ; IX. Relative Reducing Power of Sulfurous Acid Salts; ; X. Sodium Chloride Equivalents and Iso-osmotic Values for SulfurousAcid Salts; ; XI. Theoretical Aspects of Sulfite Antioxidant Activity; ; XII. Antioxidant Evaluation in Pharmaceutical Formulations; ; XIII. Detecting Sulfite Reactivity toward Formulation Components; ; XIV. The Unexpected Loss in Epinephrine Activity-An Exampleof a Drug-Bisulfite Reaction; ; XV. The Use of Model Compounds to define the Mechanism of aDrug-Bisulfite Reaction; ; XVI. New Preparative Reactions Revealed by Isolation and Characterization of Drug-Bisulfite Products; ; XVII. Kinetic and Mechanism Studies of Drug-Bisulfite Reactions define Stability of the system; ; XVIII. Knowledge of Drug-Bisulfite Reaction Mechanism permits Design of Appropriate Counter Measures; ; XIX. Specific Applications of Sulfite Antioxidants with Various Drugs; ; A. Sympathomimetic Amines; ; B. Sulfonamides; ; C. Antibiotics; ; D. Steroids; ; E. Miscellaneous Pharmacologic Agents; ; F. Vitamins; ; G. Local Anesthetics and Morphine; ; H. Heparin; ; References; ; Chapter 8-Toxicity; ; I. Government Regulations (U.S. and Foreign); ; II. Plants; ; III. Animals; ; A. Inhalation; ; B. Topical; ; C. Oral; ; D. Parenteral; ; IV. Human; ; A. Inhalation; ; B. Topical; ; C. Oral </br&
• Publisher Details: Pergamon
• Publication Date: 2015
• Extent: 1 online resource (356 pages)
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781483185668; 1483185664
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.