Drugs, Crime, and Justice. ([2015])

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Steven Belenko, Cassia Spohn.
• Authors: Belenko, Steven R; Spohn, Cassia
• Contents: CHAPTER 1: DRUGS, CRIME, AND THE JUSTICE SYSTEM: OVERVIEW; Drug Use in the United States; Arrests and Incarceration for Drug-Related Crime; The Connections among Drug Abuse, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System; Goal of the Book and Overview of the Remaining Chapters; CHAPTER 2: PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS AND DRUG USE/ABUSE; Basic Concepts about Psychoactive Drugs; Tolerance, Dependence, Abuse and Addiction; Drug Abuse and Drug Misuse; Drug Dependence and Addiction; Factors Influencing Drugs’ Effects on Behavior and Mood; Classes of Drugs and the Drug Enforcement Administration Schedules; Classes and Types of Illegal Drugs and Their Effects; Marijuana; Focus on an Issue: Marijuana as the “Gateway Drug”?; Central Nervous System Depressants: Opiates; Heroin; Synthetic Opiates (Opioids); Sedative-Hypnotics; Stimulant Drugs; Cocaine; Crack Cocaine; Amphetamines; Methamphetamine; Hallucinogens; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD); Psilocybin (Mushrooms) and Peyote (Mescaline); Phencyclidine (PCP); Club Drugs; Summary: Psychoactive Drugs and Their Effects; CHAPTER 3: THEORIES OF DRUG USE AND ABUSE; Explaining Drug Use and Abuse; Is Addiction a Moral Problem or a Disease?; Biological and Genetic Theories; Psychological Theories; Sociological Theories; Summary: Theories of Drug Use and Abuse; CHAPTER 4: DRUG ABUSE AND CRIME; The Drugs-Crime Connection; Drug Use Among Offenders; Drug Use Among Offenders Under Correctional Supervision; The Meaning of the Drugs-Crime Connection?; Drugs and Crime: A Complex Relationship; Theories Explaining the Drugs-Crime Connection; Drugs and Property Crime; Drugs and Violence; Stimulant Drugs and Violence; Other Drugs and Violence; Focus on an Issue: Gangs and Drug Dealing; Summary: Drug Abuse and Crime; CHAPTER 5: THE WAR ON DRUGS: HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES; The War on Drugs: A Historical Overview; The First War on Drugs: Alcohol and Prohibition; Criminalizing Drug Use: Targeting Opium, Morphine and Other Mood-Altering Drugs; The Harrison Tax Act of 1914; Focus on an Issue: Racial and Ethnic Prejudice and the Case for Criminalizing Drug Use; The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937; Enforcing the Drug-Control Legislation; The Controlled Substances Act of 1970; The Contemporary War on Drugs; Sentencing Reform and Sentencing Guidelines; Sentencing Guidelines for Drug Offenses; Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Statutes; Sentences Imposed on Offenders Convicted of Offenses with Mandatory Penalties; Focus on an Issue: The Crack-Power Cocaine Disparity; Criticisms of Mandatory Minimums; Drug-Free School Zones; Reducing the Supply of Drugs; Summary: The War on Drugs; CHAPTER 6: POLICING DRUGS: THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT STRATEGIES; Police and the War on Drugs: A Focus on Arresting Drug Users and Sellers; Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests; Explaining Increases in Arrest Rates for Drug Offenders; Did Arrests Increase Because Drug Use Increased?; Did Arrests Increase as a Result of Changes in Policies and Practices?; The Effect of Changes in Policing Strategies; Stop and Frisk Procedures; Pretext Traffic Stops; Drug Courier Profiles; Financial Incentives To Fight the War on Drugs; Focus on an Issue: Policing for Profit—Drug-Related Forfeitures; The Racial Disparity in Arrest Rates; Do Blacks Use or Sell Drugs at Higher Rates than Whites?; Are Police More Likely to Arrest Blacks than Whites for Drug Offenses?; Summary: Policing Drugs and Drug Offenders; CHAPTER 7: PROSECUTING DRUG OFFFENDERS IN STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS; Explaining Decisions of Prosecutors and Judges: The Focal Concerns Perspective; Drug Offenders in State and Federal Courts; Drug Offenders in State Courts; Drug Offenders in Federal Courts; Prosecutors’ Charging and Plea Bargaining Decisions; Research on Prosecutors’ Charging Decisions; Charging Decisions in State Court Systems; Charging Decisions in the Federal Court System; Focus on an Issue: Prosecution of Pregnant Women Who Use/Abuse Drugs; Filing Charges that Trigger Mandatory Minimum Sentences; U.S. Attorneys and the Substantial Assistance Departure; Focus on an Issue: Substantial Assistance Departures and Mandatory Minimum; Sentences: Melendez v. United States; Research on Use of Substantial Assistance Departures; Summary: Prosecuting Drug Offenders; CHAPTER 8: SENTENCING DRUG OFFENDERS; Trends in Sentencing Drug Offenders; Focus on an Issue: The Supreme Court and the Substantial Assistance Departure; Modeling the Sentencing Process; Disparity and Discrimination in Sentencing; Types of Sentencing Disparity; Types of Sentencing Discrimination; Warranted Versus Unwarranted Disparity; Gender Disparities in Sentencing Drug Offenders; Focus on an Issue: Changes in the Racial Dynamics of Women’s Incarceration; Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing Drug Offenders; Disparity Versus Discrimination in Sentencing Drug Offenders; Race and Imprisonment; Race/Ethnicity and Sentencing of Drug Offenders in State and Federal Courts; The “Dangerous Drug Offender” in State and Federal Court; Summary: Sentencing Drug Offenders: Severity, Disparity and Discrimination; CHAPTER 9: THE IMPACT OF THE WAR ON DRUGS; The Impact of the War on Drugs on Use of Illegal Drugs; Focus on an Issue: Malign Neglect?; The Impact of the War on Drugs on the Prison Population; The Imprisonment Binge; Mass Incarceration of Drug Offenders; The Characteristics of Imprisoned Drug Offenders; Focus on an Issue: The Effect of Imprisonment on Recidivism Rates for Felony Drug Offenders; Race and Imprisonment for Drug Offenses; Gender and Imprisonment for Drug Offenses; The Impact of the War on Drugs on Crime: A Focus on Policing; Explaining the “New York Murder Mystery”; The Effect of Drug Arrests on Crime; The Effects of Policing Strategies Designed to Reduce Illegal Drug Activity and Other Types of Crime; Displacement and Diffusion—Does Crime Simply Move Around the Corner?; The Collateral Consequences of the War on Drugs; Focus on an Issue: The Effect on Imprisonment on Employment Prospects; Summary: The Impact of the War on Drugs; CHAPTER 10: DRUGS, CRIME AND JUSTICE IN THE 21ST CENTURY; Public Health Approaches: A Focus on Demand and Harm Reduction; Treating Drug-Involved Offenders: Effectiveness of Different Models; Diversion; Focus on an Issue: Should Drug Dealers be Eligible for Treatment Diversion if They Also Use Drugs?; Jail Treatment; Prison Treatment; Treatment under Community Corrections Supervision; Drug Courts; Key Elements of Drug Courts; Do Drug Courts Work?; Medication Assisted Treatment; Modifying Mandatory Minimum Penalties in the 21st Century; New Approaches: More Effective Solutions?; The Debate over Decriminalization and Legalization of Illicit Drugs; Legalization; Decriminalization; Potential Benefits and Problems from Legalization and Decriminalization; Prescription and Maintenance Models; Decriminalizing and Legalizing Marijuana: Medical Marijuana, Decriminalization, and Legalization; Medical Marijuana; Decriminalization and Legalization of Marijuana; Reimagining and Creating New Approaches to the Drugs, Crime and Justice Problem;
• Publisher Details: Los Angeles : SAGE
• Publication Date: 2015
• Extent: 1 online resource (344 pages), illustrations
• Subjects: 364.177; Drug abuse and crime; Drug control
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781483324364; 1483324362
• Related ISBNs: 9781452277080
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.