Analytical chemistry : a chemist and laboratory technician's toolkit /: a chemist and laboratory technician's toolkit. (2015)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Bryan M. Ham, Aihui Maham.
• Authors: Ham, Bryan M; MaHam, Aihui, 1974-
• Contents: Preface xxiii Author Biographies xxv Acknowledgments xxvii 1 Chemist and Technician in the Analytical Laboratory 1 1.1 Introduction—The Analytical Chemist and Technician 1 1.2 Today’s Laboratory Chemist and Technician 1 1.2.1 Computers in the Laboratory 1 1.2.2 Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) 1 1.3 ChemTech—The Chemist and Technician Toolkit Companion 1 1.3.1 Introduction to ChemTech 1 1.3.1.1 Opening ChemTech 2 1.3.1.2 Interactive Periodic Table 2 1.4 Chapter Layout 2 1.4.1 Glassware, Chemicals, and Safety 2 1.4.2 Basic Math and Statistics 2 1.4.3 Graphing and Plotting 4 1.4.4 Making Laboratory Solutions 4 1.4.5 Titrimetric Analysis 4 1.4.6 Electrochemistry 5 1.4.7 Laboratory Information Management System (or Software) LIMS 5 1.4.8 Instrumental Analyses—Spectroscopy 5 1.4.9 Instrumental Analyses—Chromatography 5 1.4.10 Instrumental Analyses—Mass Spectrometry 5 1.4.10.1 Mass Analyzers 5 1.4.10.2 Mass Ionization 5 1.4.11 Small Molecule and Macromolecule Analysis 5 1.5 Users of ChemTech 6 2 Introduction to the Analytical Laboratory 7 2.1 Introduction to the Laboratory 7 2.1.1 The Scientific Method 7 2.2 Laboratory Glassware 7 2.2.1 Volumetric Flasks 7 2.2.2 Beakers and Erlenmeyer Flasks 7 2.2.3 Graduated Cylinders 8 2.2.4 Pipettes 8 2.2.4.1 Steps for Using Pipette Bulb (a) 8 2.2.4.2 Steps for Using Pipette Bulb (b and c) 10 2.2.4.3 Autopipettes 11 2.2.5 Evaporating Dishes 11 2.2.6 Flames and Furnaces in the Laboratory 11 2.2.6.1 Bunsen Burners 11 2.2.6.2 Crucibles 11 2.2.6.3 Ashing Samples 11 2.2.6.4 Muffle Furnaces 14 2.2.7 Laboratory Fume Hoods 14 2.2.8 Drying Ovens 15 2.2.9 Balances 15 2.2.10 Refrigerators and Freezers 16 2.2.11 Test Tubes 16 2.2.12 Soxhlet Extractions 16 2.2.13 Vacuum Pumps 18 2.3 Conclusion 18 3 Laboratory Safety 19 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Proper Personal Protection and Appropriate Attire 19 3.2.1 Proper Eye Protection 19 3.2.2 Proper Laboratory Coats 20 3.3 Proper Shoes and Pants 20 3.4 Laboratory Gloves 20 3.4.1 Natural Rubber (Latex) 21 3.4.2 Nitrile 22 3.4.3 Neoprene 22 3.4.4 Butyl 22 3.4.5 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 22 3.4.6 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 22 3.4.7 Viton 22 3.4.8 Silver Shield/4H 22 3.5 General Rules to Use Gloves 22 3.6 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 22 3.7 Emergency Eye Wash and Face Wash Stations 23 3.8 Emergency Safety Showers 24 3.9 Fire Extinguishers 24 3.9.1 Types of Fires 24 3.10 Clothing Fire in the Laboratory 25 3.11 Spill Cleanup Kits 25 3.12 Chemicals and Solvents 27 3.13 First Aid Kits 27 3.14 Gasses and Cylinders 29 3.15 Sharps Containers and Broken Glass Boxes 29 3.16 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 4 Basic Mathematics in the Laboratory 83 4.1 Introduction to Basic Math 83 4.2 Units and Metric System 83 4.2.1 Introduction to the Metric System 83 4.2.2 Units of the Metric System 83 4.2.3 Converting the SI Units 84 4.3 Significant Figures 84 4.3.1 Significant Figure Rules 84 4.4 Scientific Calculators 86 4.4.1 Example Calculator 86 4.4.2 Window’s Calculator 86 4.4.2.1 Windows’ Scientific versus Standard Calculator 86 4.5 ChemTech Conversion Tool 89 4.5.1 Using the Conversion Tool 89 4.5.2 Closing the Conversion Tool 89 4.6 Chapter Key Concepts 89 4.7 Chapter Problems 92 5 Analytical Data Treatment (Statistics) 93 5.1 Errors in the Laboratory 93 5.1.1 Systematic Errors 93 5.1.2 Random Errors 93 5.2 Expressing Absolute and Relative Errors 94 5.3 Precision 94 5.3.1 Precision versus Accuracy 94 5.4 The Normal Distribution Curve 94 5.4.1 Central Tendency of Data 95 5.4.1.1 The Arithmetic Mean 95 5.4.1.2 The Median 95 5.4.1.3 The Mode 95 5.4.1.4 Sticking with the Mean 95 5.5 Precision of Experimental Data 96 5.5.1 The Range 96 5.5.2 The Average Deviation 96 5.5.3 The Standard Deviation 97 5.5.3.1 Root Mean Square 97 5.5.3.2 Sample Standard Deviation 97 5.5.3.3 Comparison of the Three Methods 97 5.5.3.4 Using the Scientific Calculator 97 5.5.3.5 Coefficient of Variation 97 5.6 Normal Distribution Curve of a Sample 97 5.7 ChemTech Statistical Calculations 98 5.7.1 Introduction to ChemTech Statistics 98 5.7.2 ChemTech Chapter 5 98 5.7.2.1 Entering Data 100 5.7.2.2 Calculating the Statistics 100 5.7.2.3 The Results Output 100 5.7.2.4 Results not Expected 100 5.7.2.5 Using ChemTech for Large Value Set 101 5.7.2.6 The Results Page 101 5.7.2.7 Resetting the Page 101 5.8 Student’s Distribution t Test for Confidence Limits 101 5.8.1 Accuracy 101 5.8.2 The Student’s t Test 102 5.8.3 Calculating the Student’s t Value 102 5.8.4 Probability Level 103 5.8.5 Sulfate Concentration Confidence Limits 103 5.8.6 Sulfate t Distribution Curve 103 5.8.7 Determining Types of Error 103 5.8.7.1 Glucose Content 104 5.8.8 Determining Error in Methodology 104 5.8.8.1 Magnesium Primary Standard 104 5.9 Tests of Significance 104 5.9.1 Difference in Means 104 5.9.2 Null Hypothesis 105 5.10 Treatment of Data Outliers 105 5.10.1 The Q Test 105 5.10.2 The Tn Test 106 5.11 Chapter Key Concepts 106 5.12 Chapter Problems 107 6 Plotting and Graphing 109 6.1 Introduction to Graphing 109 6.1.1 The Invention of the Graph 109 6.1.2 Importance of Graphing 109 6.2 Graph Construction 109 6.2.1 Axis and Quadrants 110 6.3 Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate System 110 6.4 Curve Fitting 110 6.5 Redrawn Graph Example 110 6.6 Graphs of Equations 111 6.6.1 Introduction 111 6.6.2 Copper Sulfate Data 111 6.6.3 Plotting the Data 111 6.6.4 Best Fit Line 111 6.6.5 Point-Slope Equation of a Line 112 6.6.6 Finding the Slope (m) 112 6.6.7 Finding the y-Intercept (b) 112 6.6.8 Solving for x 113 6.6.9 Estimating the Slope and Intercept 113 6.6.10 Deriving the Equation from the Slope and Intercept 113 6.7 Least-Squares Method 114 6.7.1 Plotting Data with Scatter 114 6.7.2 Linear Regression 114 6.7.3 Curve Fitting the Data 114 6.8 Computer-Generated Curves 115 6.8.1 Using ChemTech to Plot Data 115 6.8.2 Entering the Data 115 6.8.3 Plotting the Data 116 6.8.4 Linear Regression of the Data 116 6.8.5 Adding the Best Fit Line 118 6.8.6 Entering a Large Set of Data 118 6.9 Calculating Concentrations 119 6.10 Nonlinear Curve Fitting 119 6.11 Chapter Key Concepts 123 6.12 Chapter Problems 124 7 Using Microsoft Excel® in the Laboratory 125 7.1 Introduction to Excel® 125 7.2
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons
• Publication Date: 2015
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 543; Chemistry, Analytic
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119069690
• Related ISBNs: 9781119069874
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.