Lanthanides and actinides in molecular magnetism. (2015)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by Richard Layfield, Muralee Murugesu.
• Authors: Layfield, Richard A
• Editors: Layfield, Richard A (Richard Alan); Murugesu, Muralee
• Contents: Preface XIII List of Contributors XV 1 Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanide Molecular Complexes 1 ; Lorenzo Sorace and Dante Gatteschi 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Free Ion Electronic Structure 3 1.2.1 Free Ion Magnetism 6 1.3 Electronic Structure of Lanthanide Ions in a Ligand Field 7 1.3.1 Stevens’ Formalism 9 1.3.2 Wybourne’s Formalism 9 1.3.3 Standardization 13 1.3.4 Calculation of Crystal Field Parameters 13 1.4 Magnetic Properties of Isolated Lanthanide Ions 16 1.4.1 Effect of a Magnetic Field 16 1.4.2 EPR Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Complexes 17 1.5 Exchange Coupling in Systems Containing Orbitally Degenerate Lanthanides 21 Acknowledgements 23 References 23 2 Mononuclear Lanthanide Complexes: Use of the Crystal Field Theory to Design Single-Ion Magnets and Spin Qubits 27 ; Juan M. Clemente-Juan, Eugenio Coronado, and Alejandro Gaita-Ari ̃no 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Modelling the Magnetic Properties of Lanthanide Single-Ion Magnets:TheUse of the Crystal FieldModel 29 2.2.1 Theoretical Background 29 2.2.2 How to Determine the Crystal-Field Parameters: 1. The Ishikawa Approach 30 2.2.3 How to Determine the Crystal-Field Parameters: 2. The Point Charge Electrostatic Model 34 2.2.4 How to Determine the Crystal-Field Parameters: 3. The Effective Point Charge Model 36 2.3 Magneto-Structural Correlations for Some Typical Symmetries 40 2.4 Impact of Lanthanide Complexes in Quantum Computing 44 2.4.1 Quantum Computing Paradigms and Design Criteria 45 2.4.2 Combining Physical Qubit Implementations with Lanthanide Complexes 48 2.4.3 Molecular Spin Qubits 50 2.5 Conclusions 53 Acknowledgements 54 References 55 3 Polynuclear Lanthanide SingleMolecule Magnets 61 ; Jinkui Tang and Peng Zhang 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Synthetic Strategies 62 3.2.1 Dy3 Triangles and Their Derivatives 64 3.2.1.1 Seminal Dy3 Triangle 64 3.2.1.2 Other Triangular Dy3 Systems 65 3.2.1.3 The Coupling of Dy3 Triangles 68 3.2.2 Linear Polynuclear Lanthanide Complexes Showing Robust SMM Behaviour 71 3.2.2.1 Linear Dy3 SMMs 72 3.2.2.2 Linear Dy4 SMMs 73 3.2.3 Planar Dy4 SMMs 75 3.2.4 Dyn SMMs Having Multiple μn-O (n > 4) Bridges 78 3.2.4.1 The Dy4 Grids Fixed by μ4-O Atom 78 3.2.4.2 The Dy4 Tetrahedron Fixed by μ4-O Atom 80 3.2.4.3 The Dy5 Pyramid Fixed by μ5-O Atom 80 3.2.5 Hydrazone-Based Lanthanide SMMs 82 3.2.5.1 The Assembly of Dy6 Triangular Prism with Dy2 Units 83 3.2.5.2 A Dy3 Molecular Cluster Pair (Dy6) 84 3.2.6 The Organometallic Synthesis—A New Approach 85 3.3 Conclusion 86 References 86 4 Lanthanides in Extended Molecular Networks 89 ; Roberta Sessoli and Kevin Bernot 4.1 Introduction 89 4.2 Extended Networks Based on Gd3+ 91 4.2.1 Metal-Organic Frameworks 91 4.2.1.1 Magneto-Caloric Effect 91 4.2.1.2 Slow Magnetic Relaxation and Phonon Bottleneck Effects 94 4.2.2 Magnetic Chains 96 4.2.2.1 Magnetic Interactions Involving Gd3+ Ions 96 4.2.2.2 Gadolinium-Radical Chains 96 4.3 Extended Networks Based on Anisotropic Ions 101 4.3.1 SCM in a Nutshell 101 4.3.2 An Overview of Monodimensional Lanthanide Chains Based on Anisotropic Ions 104 4.3.2.1 Chains Based on 4f Ions 104 4.3.2.2 Chains Based on 3d–4f Ions 106 4.3.2.3 Chains Based on Radicals and 4f Ions 111 4.3.3 The Key Point of Noncollinearity of Magnetic Anisotropy 112 4.4 Conclusions 119 References 119 5 Experimental Aspects of Lanthanide Single-Molecule Magnet Physics 125 ; Kasper S. Pedersen, Daniel N.Woodruff, Jesper Bendix, and Rodolphe Clérac 5.1 Introduction 125 5.2 Manifestation of Single-Molecule Magnet Behaviour 127 5.2.1 Magnetization and ac Susceptibility Measurements 127 5.2.2 NMR Spectroscopy 132 5.2.3 Muon Spin Rotation 133 5.3 Quantifying the Magnetic Anisotropy 135 5.4 Splitting of the Ground Multiplet 139 5.4.1 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies 139 5.4.2 Luminescence Spectroscopy 140 5.4.3 Inelastic Neutron Scattering 141 5.5 Observation of the Signatures of Exchange Coupling 146 5.5.1 Chemical Substitution 146 5.5.2 X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism 147 5.6 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives 149 References 150 6 ComputationalModelling of the Magnetic Properties of Lanthanide Compounds 153 ; Liviu Ungur and Liviu F. Chibotaru 6.1 Introduction 153 6.2 Ab Initio Description of Lanthanides and its Relation to Other Methods 153 6.2.1 Ab Initio Approach for the Electronic Structure of Lanthanides 155 6.2.1.1 Accounting for Static Electron Correlation within CASSCF 155 6.2.1.2 Accounting for Dynamical Electron Correlation: An Important Step Towards Accurate Predictions 155 6.2.1.3 Accounting for Relativistic Effects within the Douglas–Kroll–Hess Theory 156 6.2.1.4 Spin–Orbit Multiplets of Free Lanthanide Ions: Relativistic CASSCF/RASSIMethod inWork 157 6.2.2 Ab Initio Versus Two-Component DFT 159 6.2.3 Ab Initio Versus Phenomenological Crystal Field Theory for Lanthanides 159 6.3 Ab Initio Calculation of Anisotropic Magnetic Properties of Mononuclear Complexes 160 6.3.1 Implementation of Ab Initio Methodology: SINGLE_ANISO Program 161 6.3.2 Temperature-Dependent Magnetic Susceptibility and Field-Dependent Magnetization 163 6.3.3 Magnetic Anisotropy in Low-Lying Doublets 164 6.3.4 Ab Initio Crystal Field 166 6.4 Ab Initio Calculation of Anisotropic Magnetic Properties of Polynuclear Complexes 169 6.4.1 Two-Step Approach for the Calculation of Electronic Structure of Polynuclear Lanthanide Complexes 170 6.4.2 Key Rules for Cluster Fragmentation 170 6.4.3 Implementation of Ab Initio Methodology: POLY_ANISO Program 171 6.4.4 Noncollinear Magnetic Structure of Lnn Complexes 172 6.4.5 Mixed Lanthanide-Transition Metal Compounds 176 6.4.6 Lanthanide-Containing Magnetic Chains 178 6.5 Conclusions 180 References 181 7 Lanthanide Complexes as Realizations of Qubits and Qugates for Quantum Computing 185 ; Guillem Aroḿ ı, Fernando Luis, and Olivier Roubeau 7.1 Introduction to Quantum Computation 185 7.1.1 General Introduction 185 7.1.2 Definition of Qubits, Qugates, Timescales and Essential Requirements 186 7.1.3 Current Proposals for the QC Hardware 189 7.1.3.1 Trapped Ions 189 7.1.3.2 Nuclear Spins 190 7.1.3.3 Superconducting Qubits 191 7.1.3.4 Spin Qubits 191 7.1.3.5 Photons 191 7.1.3.6 Hybrid Proposals and Quantum Circuits 192 7.2 Quantum Computing with Electron Spin Qubits 192 7.2.1 Electronic Spins in Semiconductors: QDs and Dopants 192 7.2.1.1 Quantum Dots 193 7.2.1.2 Dopants and Defects 193 7.2.2 Electronic Spins in Molecules: Organic Radicals and Transition Metal Complexes 194 7.2.2.1 Organic Radicals 194 7.2.2.2 Transition Metal Complexes 195 7.3 Single Lanthanide Ions as Spin Qubits 197 7.3.1 Quantum Coherence of Lanthanide Ions Doped into Crystalline Solids 198 7.3.2 Control of the Magnetic Anisotropy of Lanthanide Ions: Chemical Design of Spin Qubits 199 7.3.2.1 Mononuclear Single Molecule Magnets 199 7.3.2.2 Gadolinium(III) POMs as Spin Qubits 200 7.3.2.3 Mononuclear SMMs of Ln(III) Ions with Nonzero Orbital Moment 202 7.4 Lanthanide Molecules as Prototypes of Two-Qubit Quantum Gates 204 7.4.1 A Family of Asymmetric [Ln2] Complexes withWeak Magnetic Coupling 204</p
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
• Publication Date: 2015
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 546.41; Rare earth metals; Actinide elements
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783527673490
• Related ISBNs: 9783527673506; 9783527673483
• Notes: Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.