Green communications : principles, concepts and practice /: principles, concepts and practice. (2015)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by Konstantinos Samdanis, Peter Rost, Andreas Maeder, Michela Meo, Christos Verikoukis.
• Editors: Samdanis, Konstantinos; Rost, Peter; Maeder, Andreas; Meo, Michela; Verikoukis, Christos
• Contents: List of Contributors xv Preface xxi List of Abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1 ; Konstantinos Samdanis, Peter Rost, Michela Meo, Christos Verikoukis and Andreas Maeder 1.1 Origins of Green Communications 1 1.2 Energy Efficiency in Telecommunication Systems: Then and Now 3 1.3 Telecommunication System Model and Energy Efficiency 6 1.4 Energy Saving Concepts 10 1.5 Quantifying Energy Efficiency in ICT 13 1.6 Conclusions 15 References 16 2 Green Communication Concepts, Energy Metrics and Through out Efficiency for Wireless Systems 19 ; Timothy O’Farrell and Simon Fletcher 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Broadband Access Evolution 21 2.3 Cell Site Power Consumption Modeling 24 2.4 Power and Energy Metrics 26 2.5 Energy and Throughput Efficiency in LTE Radio Access Networks 29 2.5.1 Reducing Cell Size 31 2.5.2 Reducing Cell Size and BTS Power Consumption 33 2.5.3 BTS Sleep Mode 35 2.5.4 Heterogeneous Networks 36 2.6 Conclusions 38 References 41 3 Energy-Efficiency Metrics and Performance Trade-Offs of GREEN Wireless Networks 43 ; Marco Di Renzo 3.1 Introduction 43 3.1.1 Ubiquitous Mobility and Connectivity: The Societal Change 43 3.1.2 Mobile Data Traffic: The Forecast 43 3.1.3 Mobile Data Traffic: The In-Home Scenario 44 3.1.4 Next-Generation Cellular Networks: The Compelling Need to be<br />“Green” 44 3.1.5 Addressing the Energy Efficiency Challenge: Green Heterogeneous; Networks 45 3.1.6 The Emerging Paradigm Shift: From the SE to the SE Versus EE; Trade-Off 46 3.2 Energy-Efficiency Metrics 47 3.3 Performance Trade-Offs 50 3.3.1 The SE Versus EE Trade-Off 50 3.3.2 The DE Versus EE Trade-Off 51 3.3.3 The BW Versus PW Trade-Off 51 3.3.4 The DL Versus PW Trade-Off 52 3.4 Conclusion 53 Acknowledgments 53 References 53 4 Embodied Energy of Communication Devices 55 ; Iztok Humar, Xiaohu Ge, Lin Xiang, Minho Jo, Min Chen and Jing Zhang 4.1 Introduction 55 4.1.1 Energy Consumption of ICT in Figures 55 4.1.2 The Approaches to Reduce ICT Energy Consumption 56 4.1.3 The Problem of Past Researches 56 4.2 The Extended Energy Model 57 4.2.1 The Embodied Energy and Its Meaning in ICT Technology 57; ; 4.2.2 Embodied Energy Assessment of an ICT Equipment 59; ; 4.2.3 Maintenance 60; ; 4.2.4 Importance of Lifetime 60; ; 4.2.5 The Operating Energy 61; ; 4.2.6 The Total Energy Consumption Model 61 4.3 Embodied/Operating Energy of a BS in Cellular Network – A Case Study 61 4.3.1 Overview of Past Studies in BSs Energy Modeling 62 4.3.2 The Need to Rethink Previous Models 63 4.3.3 The Embodied Energy of a BS 63 4.3.4 The Operating Energy of a BS 64 4.4 The Cell Number/Coverage Trade-Off 66 4.4.1 The Energy Consumption Model Without Power-Off Strategy 66; ; 4.4.2 The Number/Coverage Trade-Off 66 4.4.3 The Energy Consumption Model with the Power-Off Strategy 67 4.4.4 Simulation Results 67 4.5 Discussion and Future Challenges 69 Acknowledgments 71 References 71 5 Energy-Efficient Base Stations 73 ; Alberto Conte 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 BS Architecture 74 5.2.1 Generic Cellular Network Architecture 74 5.2.2 Base Station Functions 75 5.2.3 Generic BS Internal Architecture 76 5.2.4 Types of Base Station 79 5.3 Base Station Energy Consumption 81 5.3.1 Analysis of Energy Consumption at Component Level 82 5.3.2 Impact of Load Variations 83 5.3.3 Power Models 86 5.4 Evolutions Towards Green Base Stations 86 5.4.1 Component Level Evolutions 88 5.4.1.1 New Power Amplifiers architectures 89 5.4.1.2 Signal-Aware Power Amplifiers 90 5.4.1.3 Improvements of BBU 90 5.4.2 BS Operation Improvements 91 5.4.2.1 Smart Load Adaptation to Traffic Load Variations 91 5.4.2.2 Activation/Deactivation of RF Resources 91 5.4.2.3 Base Station Sleep Modes 92 5.4.3 BS Architecture Evolutions 92 5.4.3.1 Massive-MIMO Architecture 93 5.4.3.2 Cloud-RAN Architecture 94 References 94 6 Energy-Efficient Mobile Network Design and Planning 97 ; Yinan Qi, Muhammad Ali Imran and Rahim Tafazolli 6.1 Introduction 97 6.2 Deployment: Optimization of Cell Size 98 6.2.1 System Model 98 6.2.1.1 Traffic Model Within a Cell 98 6.2.1.2 Spatial Traffic Variation Model 99 6.2.1.3 Propagation Model and Coverage 100 6.2.1.4 Quality of Service (QoS) 100 6.2.2 Optimization of Cell Parameters 101 6.3 Network Design and Planning for Urban Areas 102 6.3.1 Adaptive On/Off Strategies to Change the Network Layout 103 6.3.2 Adaptive (De)sectorization 103 6.3.3 Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) 110 6.4 Network Design and Planning for Rural Areas 112 6.5 Conclusions and Future Works 114 References 116 7 Green Radio 119 ; Taewon Hwang, Guowang Miao, Hyunsung Park, Younggap Kwon and Nageen Himayat 7.1 Energy-Efficient Design for Single-User Communications 119 7.1.1 Energy-Efficient Transmission in Flat Fading Channels 120 7.1.2 Energy-Efficient Transmission in Broadband Frequency-Selective Channels 122 7.2 Energy-Efficient Design for Multiuser Communications 123; ; 7.2.1 Multiuser MIMO 123 7.2.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 125 7.2.3 Cognitive Radio 128 7.2.3.1 Cooperative Relay 130 7.3 Summary and Future Work 131 References 132 8 Energy-Efficient Operation and Management for Mobile Networks 135 ; Zhisheng Niu and Sheng Zhou 8.1 Principles 135 8.1.1 NM Should Be in a Holistic Manner 135 8.1.2 NM Should Involve More Cognition and Collaboration 137 8.1.3 NM Should Be More Adaptive to Traffic Variations 137 8.2 Architectures 139 8.2.1 Paradigm Shift to CHORUS 139 8.2.1.1 Architecture of CHORUS 141 8.2.1.2 Work Flow of CHORUS 141 8.2.1.3 Relationship between Cognition and Collaboration 143 8.2.2 Paradigm Shift to TANGO 144 8.2.2.1 Adjusting the Working Mode of Base Stations 144 8.2.2.2 Adjusting the Cell Size 144 8.2.2.3 Adjusting the Service Mechanism 144 8.3 Implementation Examples 145 8.3.1 CHORUS by Scalable Collaboration 145 8.3.1.1 A Decentralized BS Dynamic Clustering Scheme 145 8.3.1.2 A Ubiquitous Heterogeneous Radio Access Scheme 148 8.3.2 TANGO by Cell Zooming 149 8.3.2.1 Concept and Challenges 150 8.3.2.2 Centralized and Distributed Algorithms 153 8.3.2.3 Performance Evaluation 156 8.3.3 TANGO by Adaptive BS Sleeping 158 8.3.3.1 System Model 159 8.3.3.2 Problem Formulation 161 8.3.3.3 Dynamic Programming Algorithm 164 8.3.3.4 Simulation Study 167 8.4 Derivation of Area Blocking Probability 174 References 176 9 Green Home and Enterprise Networks 179 ; #ukasz Budzisz and Adam Wolisz 9.1 Home and Enterprise Networks Today 179 9.1.1 Similarities 179 9.1.2 Differences 182 9.1.3 Perspectives 183 9.2 Home and Enterprise Networks in the Context of Green Wireless Networking 185 9.2.1 Metrics for Green Communication 185 9.2.2 Green Potential 186 <p&gt
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons
• Publication Date: 2015
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.3820286; Telecommunication -- Environmental aspects; Sustainable engineering
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118759233; 9781118759240
• Notes: Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
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