Measurement and detection of radiation. (2015)

• Record Type: Book
• Authors: Tsoulfanidis, Nicholas, 1938-; Landsberger, Sheldon
• Contents: Introduction to Radiation Measurements ; What Is Meant by Radiation?; Statistical Nature of Radiation Emission; Errors and Accuracy and Precision of Measurements; Types of Errors; Nuclear Instrumentation Errors of Radiation Counting; Introduction; Definition of Probability; Basic Probability Theorems; Probability Distributions and Random Variables; Location Indexes (Mode, Median, Mean); Dispersion Indexes, Variance, and Standard Deviation; Covariance and Correlation; Binomial Distribution; Poisson Distribution; Normal (Gaussian) Distribution; Lorentzian Distribution; Standard, Probable, and Other Errors; Arithmetic Mean and Its Standard Error; Confidence Limits; Propagation of Errors; Goodness of Data—χ2 Criterion—Rejection of Data; Statistical Error of Radiation Measurements; Standard Error of Counting Rates; Methods of Error Reduction; Minimum Detectable Activity; Detector Dead-Time Correction and Measurement of Dead Time; Loss-Free Counting and Zero Dead Time Review of Atomic and Nuclear Physics; Introduction; Elements of Relativistic Kinematics; Atoms; Nuclei; Nuclear Binding Energy; Nuclear Energy Levels; Energetics of Nuclear Decays; Radioactive Decay Law; Nuclear Reactions; Fission Energy Loss and Penetration of Radiation through Matter; Introduction; Mechanisms of Charged-Particle Energy Loss; Stopping Power due to Ionization and Excitation; Energy Loss due to Bremsstrahlung Emission; Calculation of dE/dx for a Compound or Mixture; Range of Charged Particles; Stopping Power and Range of Heavy Ions (Z > 2, A > 4); Interactions of Photons with Matter; Interactions of Neutrons with Matter Gas-Filled Detectors; Introduction; Relationship between High Voltage and Charge Collected; Various Types of Gas-Filled Detectors; Ionization Chambers; Proportional Counters; Geiger–Müller Counters; Gas-Flow Detectors; Rate Meters; General Comments about Construction of Gas-Filled Detectors; Applications of Gas-Filled Detectors Scintillation Detectors; Introduction; Inorganic (Crystal) Scintillators; Organic Scintillators; Gaseous Scintillators; Relationship between Pulse Height and Energy and Type of Incident Particle; Photomultiplier Tube; Assembly of a Scintillation Detector and the Role of Light Pipes; Dead Time of Scintillation Detectors; Sources of Background in a Scintillation Detector; Phoswich Detector Semiconductor Detectors; Introduction; Electrical Classification of Solids; Semiconductors; P–N Junction; Different Types of Semiconductor Detectors; Radiation Damage to Semiconductor Detectors Relative and Absolute Measurements; Introduction; Geometry Effects; Source Effects; Detector Effects; Relationship between Counting Rate and Source Strength; Reference Materials for Relative and Absolute Measurements Introduction to Spectroscopy; Introduction; Definition of Energy Spectra; Measurement of an Integral Spectrum with a Discriminator; Measurement of a Differential Spectrum with a Single-Channel Analyzer; Relationship between Pulse-Height Distribution and Energy Spectrum; Energy Resolution of a Detection System; Determination of the Energy Resolution: The Response Function; Importance of Good Energy Resolution; Brief Description of a Multichannel Analyzer; Calibration of a Multichannel Analyzer Electronics; Introduction; Resistance, Capacitance, Inductance, and Impedance; Differentiating Circuit; Integrating Circuit; Delay Lines; Pulse Shaping; Timing; Coincidence–Anticoincidence Measurements; Pulse-Shape Discrimination; Preamplifiers; Amplifiers; Analog-to-Digital Converters; Multiparameter Analyzers; High Count Rates; Digital Processing; Data Manipulation; International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Electronics Manuals Data Analysis Methods; Introduction; Curve Fitting; Interpolation Schemes; Least-Squares Fitting; Folding and Unfolding; Data Smoothing; Quality Assurance and Quality Control Photon (γ-Ray and X-Ray) Spectroscopy ; Introduction; Modes of Energy Deposition in the Detector; Efficiency of X-Ray and γ-Ray Detectors: Definitions; Detection of Photons with NaI(Tl) Scintillation Detectors; Detection of Gammas with Ge Detectors; Detection of X-Rays with a Si(Li) Detector; CdTe, CZT, Hgl2, LaBr, and LaCl2 Detectors as Gamma Spectrometers Charged-Particle Spectroscopy; Introduction; Energy Straggling; Electron Spectroscopy; Alpha, Proton, Deuteron, and Triton Spectroscopy; Heavy-Ion (Z > 2) Spectroscopy; Time-of-Flight Spectrometer; Detector Telescopes (E dE/ dx Detectors); Position-Sensitive Detectors Neutron Detection and Spectroscopy; Introduction; Neutron Detection by A (n, Charged Particle) Reaction; Fission Chambers; Neutron Detection by Foil Activation; Measurement of a Neutron Energy Spectrum by Proton Recoil; Detection of Fast Neutrons Using Threshold Activation Reactions; Neutron Energy Measurement with a Crystal Spectrometer; Time-of-Flight Method; Compensated Ion Chambers; Self-Powered Neutron Detectors; Concluding Remarks Activation Analysis and Related Techniques ; Introduction; Selection of the Optimum Nuclear Reaction; Preparation of the Sample for Irradiation; Sources of Radiation; Irradiation of the Sample; Counting of the Sample; Analysis of the Results; Sensitivity of Activation Analysis; Interference Reactions; Advantages and Disadvantages of the Activation Analysis Method; Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis; Neutron Depth Profile; Neutron Radiography Health Physics Fundamentals; Introduction; Units of Exposure and Absorbed Dose; Relative Biological Effectiveness: Dose Equivalent; Dosimetry for Radiation External to the Body; Dosimetry for Radiation inside the Body; Internal Dose Rate Time Dependence: Biological Half-Life; Biological Effects of Radiation; Radiation Protection Guides and Exposure Limits; Health Physics Instruments; Proper Use of Radiation; Health Physics within Nuclear Power Plants and Radiological Facilities Nuclear Forensics; Introduction; Nuclear Forensics Instrumentation; Chronometry; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Used for Radiation Detection Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine; Introduction; Areas of Nuclear Medicine; Imaging Technologies; Dose Calibrator; Novel Radiation Detection Systems in Nuclear Medicine; Production of Isotopes by Accelerators or Nuclear Reactors; Commercially Available Nuclear Medicine Imaging Systems Appendices Index Problems, References, and Bibliography appear at the end of each chapter.
• Edition: 4th edition
• Publisher Details: Boca Raton : CRC Press
• Publication Date: 2015
• Extent: 1 online resource, illustrations (black and white)
• Subjects: 539.77; Radiation -- Measurement; Nuclear counters
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781482215601; 9781482215489; 9781482215502
• Related ISBNs: 9781482215496
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; item not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.